The Council was called by Roman Emperor Constnatine to help resolve church disputes peacefully. One of the attendees was St. Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, who, according to legend was less that was peaceful, slapping Arius, who contended the Jesus was a created being, and was distinct from God the Father.
The Council formulated the Nicene Creed which declared Jesus is consubstantial with the Father, not created by God and distinct from God. The Arian heresy did not go away immediately, however. Indeed, it lingers still in such denominations like Jehovah's Witnesses and some Churches of Christ.
The Council began the process of resolving some of the other disputes.
The alleged incident with St. Nicholas inspired one of my clerihews:
At Nicaea, St. Nicholas
slapped a naughty Arius.
Since then he's found a list does fine
to help keep those who stray in line.
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